Objectivism VS Adam Smith

Posted by FlukeMan2 9 years, 6 months ago to History
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Several weeks ago I seeded a discussion ( http://www.galtsgulchonline.com/posts/14... ) about the early American Privatists of Philadelphia like Benjamin Franklin. I was impressed with the similarities and differences between them and Ayn Rand’s Objectivism. Today I have another ancestor of Objectivism, Adam Smith.

Here’s what I heard watching Biography of America (ep. 7) in my US History class ( http://www.learner.org/biographyofameric... ).
open quote…
The American Revolution broke the back of state-regulated mercantile capitalism and opened the way for a market revolution that produced the world's most dynamic economic system.

This was the kind of capitalism that Adam Smith, the Scottish economist, had called for in his masterwork, The Wealth of Nations, which was published, interestingly, in 1776. Smith argued that the production of wealth would increase dramatically if individuals were allowed to pursue their self-interest, with little interference from government. And in serving their own interests, individuals would serve the public interest, unconsciously, as if guided, as he said, by an "unseen hand." Better the unseen hand than the hand of the State.

Here were radically new ideas; but not to Americans. Smith's theory coincided with a long-developing American tradition of individualism and opposition to government interference. America, not Britain, would be the great testing ground of Adam Smith's ideas.

Almost everyone recognizes Smith as the founder of laissez-faire economics. Less well known are his ideas of about the division of labor. The division of labor, he insisted, would greatly improve the efficiency of workers.

To make his point, Smith described the workings of a pin factory. One person making a pin could make perhaps one in a day, maybe a few more. But if the job were divided into ten parts and given to ten workers, each performing a specialized function, a small factory could turn out 48,000 pins a day. This was the assembly line a century and a half before Henry Ford was credited with inventing it.

At the turn of the 19th century, America began to change almost in accordance with Smith's ideas. What we commonly call the American Industrial Revolution was actually two converging revolutions: a technological revolution based on the division of labor, and a commercial revolution powered by a deep faith in economic individualism and unrestrained competition.
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What do you see that looks familiar to Objectivism? What do you see that looks different? Please bring new information to the discussion.

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  • Posted by dbhalling 9 years, 6 months ago
    Very interesting points. I think it is important to note that Adam Smith also wrote a book entitled “The Theory of Moral Sentiments.” This book cannot be considered to be consistent with Objectivism. As pointed out in Wikipedia “Scholars have traditionally perceived a conflict between The Theory of Moral Sentiments and The Wealth of Nations; the former emphasises sympathy for others, while the latter focuses on the role of self-interest.” In addition, Smith was not an optimist about economic growth. I have become convinced that Smith was an apologist for self interest, not a proponent. Also the whole premise of Wealth of Nations, is the wealth of a nation. It is not about individualism.

    As to his pin factory, it is more of a statement of management theory than economics. At the least there are limits to the division of labor, which Smith himself acknowledged. I am convinced that division of labor is a result of a technologically advanced society and not the cause.
    Smith’s ideas cannot be considered foundational to the US economy. The US was built on Locke’s ideas of Natural Rights. Not only were these incorporated into the Declaration of Independence, but into the common law through Sir William Blackstone’s Commentaries, which was the basis of US common law.

    Personally, I am not convinced that Smith was a proponent of capitalism (the economic system that results from laws consistent with Natural Rights). I think Objectivists should be very careful in suggesting a link between Smith and Objectivism. I think there is a much stronger link between Objectivism and Locke than Objectivism and Smith.
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  • Posted by coaldigger 9 years, 6 months ago
    I see self interest as a natural force that, like gravity, must ultimately prevail in every instance. A moral code is necessary not to deny the natural force but to guide it to a path that leads to a positive result. The code is mostly a sense of time i.e. long term vs short term self interest. The key for a civilized society is how to achieve a widely held, self enforced code. Mysticism has resulted in wars between competing sects but holds the advantage of the promise/threat of everlasting life. I think that Smith was struggling with how the common man would ever be able to achieve a society based on rational self interest. I think Objectivism describes it but does not provide a means of achieving it without first enduring a collapse that may have no survivors.
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