Tiny membrane makes Sydney Harbour "drinkable"
Now this, if it works as advertised, seems almost on par with John Gaults motor. If it can reject salt, then you could use this in industrial sized plants and make a boatload of clean water. This seems pretty wild for such simple processes rendered b a new design.
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That doesn't happen anymore. Instead, they hire, "professional" CEO's, CFO's...they know nothing of the businesses they run nor the people that make it work, make it profitable, people that gave the business a life of it's own.
All they know is contacts, influence and a perpetuation of business... not the creation of new business.
They suck it dry and move on to destroy the next business.
I just don't get it, although I understand the mindless set right down to the cellular level. Why not cure one thing at a time, then move on to the next.
When a business is started to solve a problem one should aim to put one's self out of business in regards to that problem.
There always problems to solve, so why the corrupt bullcrap!
Only five studies reported biodistribution and toxicity of graphene oxide following intravenous and intratracheal injection in mice (Table 3). Wang et al. (2011) divided thirty Kun Ming mice into three test groups (low, middle, high dose) and one control group. Test groups were injected intravenously with 0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 mg graphene oxides, respectively. Graphene oxide under low dose (0.1 mg) and middle dose (0.25 mg) did not exhibit visible toxicity to mice and under high dose (0.4 mg) exhibited chronic toxicity (4 out of 9 mice died). At a dose of 0.4 mg graphene oxide caused granuloma formation, in the kidneys, lungs, liver, spleen, and could not be cleaned by kidney. At a dose of 0.4 mg graphene oxide was not filtrated by the kidneys.
Table 3
Table 3
Summary of the graphene family materials in vivo toxicity
Similar results were obtained by Zhang et al. (2011) who investigated the distribution and biocompatibility of graphene oxide in Kun Ming mice. The use of radiotracer technique revealed high uptake and long term retention of graphene oxide in the lungs as well as a relatively long blood circulation time. No significant pathological changes in all the examined organs were observed following the exposure to 1 mg kg−1 of graphene oxide for 14 days. However, 10-fold increase of the dose led to forming significant pathological changes. Following the exposure to 10 mg kg−1 body weight of graphene oxide for 14 days, authors observed significant pathological changes, such as inflammation, cell infiltration, pulmonary edema, and granuloma formation in the lungs of mice.
Couldn't get much (without paying) from the 2014 study.
Even though, most low dose had minimal interactions, high doses did resulting in death (mice and human cell De-coheasion...so my take is even if the exposure is low and even with the reduced graphene, "It would be cumulative".
"Our graphene membrane enables 100% salt rejection as well as 100% rejection of household contaminants such as detergents and oil without fouling which was tested for over many days."
Like I said above, IF (a big if) it can reject salt it has a huge potential especially in water poor but ocean rich areas. I assume they have some reverse flush system that would regenerate it, but didn't see how that works.
As far as toxicity, here is what I found
2012:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
2014:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/...
It seems it is not considered toxic, in fact they say several applications for drug delivery and removal systems for internal use.
Seems simple...hope it pans out...of course the environ[mental]ist will insist on adding floride and other poisons...