A more appropriate mixed colloquialism would be "Believe but Verify"
It should be applied to everything BUT religion.

Nicely expressed, JuliBMe! Have to +1 that!

Today, not in the past, the statement, "I believe in science" is a political assertion. Nothing more.

The people using it tend to be left-leaning, indoctrinated in the pessimism of the fear-mongering Democrat Party whose end-game is the domination of every living soul (and income) on the planet.

After all, the people using this statement were "educated" in Democrat union-run schools and tend to also believe there are 57 genders, men can be women and vice versa. They don't believe a child in the womb is human and also haven't a clue what the term "photosynthesis" means.

They also have no idea that polar bears can swim. :-)

Basic science is NOT their forte and has nothing to do with this assertion.

Well said. I agree. I don't think most people realize that - that science is a process.

I have no "blind faith" in anything. I depend upon my own and maybe a select few, observations over time.
Yes, I have noticed just how wrong Science, medicine etc has been. It's one thing to have a theory and even a theory that seems to work as far as you can prove but one should always continue the quest to get it right.
To do that, one should always be open to new ideas, new ways of testing, seeing, experimenting...but all the Sciences have been resistant to change, evolution of thought, constructive criticism and of course...history.

I suppose it's too much to ask these people, these pursuits, to be integrated while so much of what they study, are expected to know and remember, to be cognoscent of all the possible consequences, for they are so compartmentalized.

I don't think mankind is ready for "Wide Scope Accountability"...it really takes extraordinary dedication to work to get it right and to turn on a dime if need be because they didn't get it right.

Science is a process - not an outcome. One doesn't believe "in" science. Belief impels one to apply the scientific method against any particular hypothesis in order to confirm or rebut it. People who say they "believe in science" really need to re-examine that statement and clarify it, because it either belies total ignorance or just apathy - neither of which are particularly scientific.

Or science fiction.

I find it incredibly difficult to get inside the minds of the 'dis-intelligent'.

When I see the phrase "I believe in science." I automatically assume that the speaker/writer is simply using a shorthand expression for 'the scientific method' in the true context of all that implies.

Unfortunately, my assumption is often an overestimation of the intelligence of the person making that statement. Unfortunately it takes additional conversation to ascertain that deficiency.

So, back to the OP's question; is there a name for the phenomenon? I think they used to call the person a 'blowhard' or a 'blatherer'.

But in today's society, using either term will have the so named person scurrying for a 'safe space' and get the person identifying said blatherer as such, labeled a bigot, racist, or just a plain old-fashioned bully.

-- In Liberty

The statement means-
I do not understand the scientific method but I have a position on this subject which I will defend by using jargon and convoluted syntax, and quoting organizations with sciencey sounding names.

A name for it- maybe- Scientism.